In 2021, Calm has become the world’s most downloaded meditation app, with more than 100 million downloads (Freer, 2021). The website Business of Apps states that Headspace also have 600 commercial customers such as Google, LinkedIn, and Starbucks, which means that companies provide Headspace for their employees (Curry, 2022). According to the website of the popular app Headspace, this intervention has reached over 70 million members over the years (Headspace, 2022). Since then, mindfulness and meditation-based apps have become very popular within the general population and have developed quickly. A literature review from 2013 identified 203 mindfulness-based mobile applications and stated the need for more academic research on the topic because these apps were in their early technological development phase (Plaza et al., 2013). More recently, the use and publications on digital mindfulness-based interventions (dMBIs) have developed. In 2021, 16,581 publications on mindfulness were identified (Baminiwatta & Solangaarachchi, 2021). In recent years, literature related to mindfulness and self-compassion has expanded rapidly. Although not without limitations, this scoping provided a synthesis on different aspects of the use of dMBIs within workers and highlighted pertinent future research directions. dMBIs are becoming more popular and interventions are diverse. Articles provided important directions to further research on dMBIs regarding methodological aspects, modality and intervention, and individual and organizational questions. Included articles measured outcomes related to work, mindfulness or self-compassion, and other psychological variables (stress/anxiety, depression, resilience, wellbeing). Although dMBIs present advantages (low cost, accessibility, practicality, feasibility), obstacles can arise in their implementation (low engagement and motivation, concerns about confidentiality). dMBIs are often studied in the healthcare population and predominantly in female samples. Most interventions included information on mindfulness, meditation or self-compassion, meditation exercises, other types of exercises, instructions on how to use, and reminders. Interventions used were mostly mindfulness-based, equally categorized under web-based and app-based interventions. Inclusion criteria were (1) participants are workers (2) the intervention is individual, digital, and mindfulness/self-compassion/meditation-based and (3) articles were available in French or English language at the time of the review. The screening process resulted in 56 articles being included in this scoping review. MEDLINE (PubMed Ovid), PsychInfo (Ovid), and Web of Science (Clarivate) were searched to identify all relevant articles. More specifically, information on the type of intervention, population, advantages, and disadvantages, measured outcomes, and advice for future research are gathered. The present scoping review aims to assess the current state of the literature on the use of online programs and mobile applications of self-compassion, mindfulness, and meditation (digital mindfulness-based interventions dMBIs) by workers. Scoping reviews are designed to examine emerging evidence and summarize the evidence on a specific topic of interest. This calls for a review that can take into consideration this diversity while still rigorously synthesize it. The evidence available is diverse in terms of interventions, designs, outcomes, and populations. The use of digital technologies could make these interventions more accessible to workers, as studied in a recent, growing body of evidence. However, professionals with overburdened schedules can experience obstacles in learning and practicing these interventions, originally taught with lengthy programs. Mindfulness and self-compassion interventions are two strategies helpful in preventing and reducing burnout and work stress.
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